Paper laminating machine



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Patented Sept. 28, 1943 PAPER LAMINATING MACHINE John N. Tuttle,Philadelphia, Pa., assignor to The Glassine Paper Company, WestConshohocken, Pa., a corporation of Delaware Application August 12,1939, Serial No. 289,740

Claims.

This inventionrelates to a paper laminating machine, and has particularreference to a machine adapted to .control sheets of paper to a highdegree of precision so -as to produce satis' factory high grade productseven when laminating materials normally diflicult to handle.

In the patents to Beecher 1,936,375, Nelson 1,965,719 and Connor2,128,739, there are described methods and apparatus for the laminatingof glassine paper by the use of wax or resinous materials. Suchlaminated products are useful particularly in the packaging offoodstuffs, in which case theglassine not only contributes its propertyof grease resistance, but also serves to provide an attractive packageof transparent or semi-transparent nature through which the contents maybe'viewed, Such a transparent package must make an attractiveappearance, and consequently, the laminated glassine used for itsconstruction must not only be without flaws initially, but it must also,stand up under conditions of exposure and use without separation of itsconstituent plies. Various other uses of laminated glassine, forexample, in the making of lampshades, require it to be substantiallywithout flaws.

each other, for example, glassine or Cellophane to heavier papers.

The various subsidiary objects of the invention relate to the provisionof fine adjustments to secure equal or properly related tensions ofvarious sheets which are being laminated; the adjustment of such sheets.to insure uniform stresses to avoid subsequent breaking apart of theplies, or curling; the control of the adhesive supplied to the sheets,not only from a mechanical standpoint, but also from the standpoint oftemperature and resulting viscosity; and the 'The production ofsubstantialy perfect glassine requires careful control of numerousfactors entering into its formation',.for example, the V careful controlof the amount of adhesive material applied to the glassine sheets, ofthe speeds of feed, and the tensions on the sheets, and of the handlingof the heated laminated product through the cooling stages. ful handlingoccurs throughout the manufacture, separation of the plies may occurwith the appearance of bubbles, either initially or by setting up ofdifierential stresses upon standing or handling of the product made upof sheets which were treated differently during the laminating process.

It is a general object of the present invention to provide a machineadapted for close control of all of the factors which enter into theproduction of a product such as laminated glassine. It will be evidentthat the improved machine may be used for the laminating or mere coatingof other types of papers; but throughout the following description, thelamination of glassine will be particularly stressed because, by reasonof its transparency, flaws in the finished product are particularlynoticeable and must be avoided.. The machine is also adapted for thelamination of sheets such as those composed of Cellophane. Differenttypes of sheets may be laminated to Unless such care-' provision forfine adjustment of pressures upon the sheets in the region where theyare secured together.

The above and otherobjects of the invention, particularly relatingtodetails of construction and detailed features of control, will becomeapparent from the-following description, read in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings, in

which: a v.

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic elevation showing particularly the variousactions of parts of the machine on component papers of a laminatedproduct;

Figure 2 is an elevation of the major portion of the machine with someparts broken away to show details;

Figure 3 is a sectional elevation showing means for controlling thetake-up of a finished laminated product;

' Figure 4 is 'a plan view of a heating and recirculating arrangementfor adhesive or coating material;

Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of the same;

Figure 6 is a sectional elevation showing particularly the laminatingrollers and associated devices;

Figure 7 is a sectional plan view of the same;

Figure 8 is a transverse section showing particularly a scraping deviceassociated with a guiding roller;

Figure 9 is a fragmentary elevation illustrating means for adjustingcertain guiding rollers;

Figure 10 is a vertical section of the same matter;

Figure 11 is a horizontal section taken on the plane indicated at I l--of Figure 9;

Figure 12 is a sectional elevation showing particularly the means forcontrolling a roll of paper which supplies the machine;

Figure 13 is a horizontal section showing a bearing mounting therefor;

Figure 14 is a vertical section taken on the plane indicated at I l-l4of Figure 12;

Figure 14A is avertical section taken on the plane indicated at. I4A-I4Aof Figure 12;

Figure 15 is a. sectional fragmentary elevation showing particularlymeans for controlling the distribution and application of adhesive to asheet of P p Figure 16 is .a fragmentary plan view showing particularlythe means for controlling the application of adhesive to the edges of asheet; and

Figure 17 is a fragmentary plan view showing the means for mounting andheating an equalizer.

Referring first to Figure 1, there will be clear from consideration ofthis figure the fashion in which sheets to be laminated are handled andthe nature of the adjustments which are provided in the machine, thedirections in which various supply rolls and handling rollers may beadjusted being indicated by arrows. On shafts 2, 4, 6 an 8 are mountedsupp rolls of paper indicated at I0, I2, I4 and I6, respectively. Asillustrated, all four of these sheets have adhesive applied to them andthe product is a four-ply laminated material. An additional ply(indicated in chain lines in Figure 1) may be inserted between the twoinner plies without the application of adhesive thereto, since it willcontact with adhesive coated surfaces of the two inner plies. If such a,fifth ply is fed, a five-ply paper will result.

Adhesive is applied to the various sheets illustrated by rollers I8, 20,22 and 24, respectively, which run in baths of adhesive contained intanks 26, 28, 30 and 32. The sheet l passes to its adhesive applyingroller I8 after passing over controlling and smoothing rollers 34 and36, the latter of which rollers may be abrasive and driven opposite thedirection of movement of the sheet to roughen the surface and therebypromote adhasion. After contacting with the roller I8, it enases theequalizer rod 38, whence it passes beneath a controlling roller 40between the laminating rollers 42 and 44. At this-point it meets theother-sheets and passes with them between the roller 42 and roller 46.The roller 42 has a metallic surface, while the rollers 44 and 46 aredesirably rubber faced.

In similar fashion, the sheet I2 passes about the guiding rollers 48 and50, then in contact with its adhesive applying, roller 20 and thenceover the equalizer 52 and beneath the controlling roller 64.

Sheet I4 likewise passes about the rollers 56 and 58, its adhesiveapplyin roller 22, its equalizer 60 and its controlling roller 62.Similar rollers 64 and 66, equalizer 68 and roller I0 control thepassage and condition of the fourth sheet I6.

The laminated product 12 passing from the rollers 42, 44 and 46 extendsabout the chilling drums" andl6andiswounduponareelindicated at 86 on theshaft I8.

The take-up action of the reel 80 is effected by the means indicatedinFigure 3. A shaft 82, which is positively driven, a indicatedhereafter, is provided with a pulley driving arbelt 84, which extendsabout a pulley 86 on the shaft I8. A take-up roller 88 engaging the belt84 is carried by a bell crank 80, the position of which may be adjustedb a. screw and nut arrangement indicated at 92. The shaft 18 would bedriven, if the belt did not slip, at a speed such that the periphery ofthe wheel would be moving faster than the supply of laminated material,even when the reel had a minimum diameter. Properslippageandadesiredtensionwonthelaminated product are secured byadjustment of roller 88.

iii)

By this means a quite accurate adjustment of the pull on the laminatedproduct may be secured.

The shaft 82 carries a pinion 94 meshing with I a gear 96 which in turnis connected with a pinion 98 driving the meshing gears I00 and I02secured to the shafts of the chilling drum l4 and 16. Thus these drumsare driven at predetermined speed during the cooling of the laminatedproduct, as is necessary for satisfactory results, particularlyin thehandling of thin papers to avoid tendency toward curling. The drums I4and I6 may be cooled by water circulation if necessary.

While the machine is well adapted for the applicaticn of adhesive atroom temperature, in general, particularly in the laminating ofglassine, it is desirable to appl adhesive at an elevated temperature.For example, the adhesive may be a wax or other thermoplastic material,or may be a material-such as a. resin or rubber composition in solutionin a volatile solvent, which is desirably applied in heated condition sothat rapid evaporation of the solvent will take place, and accordinglyso that laminating may be accomplished quite rapidly. For this reason,there is supplied an adhesive tank I04 jacketed as indicated at I06 sothat its contents may be heated by steam or other medium passing throughthe jacket by way of the openings I08 and H0. A valve controlled drainindicated at II2 may be provided for the tank. Within the tank there islocated a pump II4 which may be of centrifugal type driven b a motor II6. The pump I I4 is arrangedto deliver the adhesive to the varioustanks 26, 28, 30 and 32 through pipe connections indicated at I I8. Inorder to control the delivery and also provide recirculation within thetank, there is a bypass connection I20 adapted to bypass some of theliquid delivered by the pump through a valve indicated at I22. Byadjustment of this valve, a desired proportion of the liquid may berecirculated within the tank I04, to effect a stirring action, theremainder of the liquid being delivered to the adhesive applying tanks.New

makeup material may be delivered to the tankrequirements, andconsequently continuous overflow taka place, so that recirculation iseffected to maintain uniformity of temperature and composition of theadhesive material as it is applied to the paper. The various tanks 26,28, 30 and 32 are preferably jacketed as indicated at I26 so as to beheated to a proper temperature by a suitable medium, such as steam.Preferably, the heating medium to these tanks, as well as to the tankI04, is thermostatically controlled, since for best results a givenamount of adhesive must be applied to the paper within a relativelynarrow range of temperature. If small tank 26, 28, 30 and 32 are usedthey may be heated only in starting up the apparatus.

Front and rear bracket I28 and I30 are provided to support the supplrolls of paper and the details of the mountings of these rolls arespecifically illustrated in Figures 12 to 14A, inclusive, in which thereare detailed the elements correspending to the roll I0.

The shaft 2 which carries this roll is mounted The feed in front andrear bearing members carried by the front and rear brackets I28 and I30,respectively. The rear bearing comprises a sliding block I32 mounted onthe bracket I30 forsliding movements transverse to the direction of theshaft 2. This block is located in adjusted position by means of a screwI34 mounted in the bracket and member I42 secured in position to embracethe shaft by a thumb screw I40. By reason of these arrangements it willbe evident that the rear end of the shaft may be adjusted transversely,while the forward bearing will permit such transverse movement to takeplace without binding of the shaft in its bearings and about the pin I36as a pivot.

At its forward end the shaft 2 is provided with a grooved disc I44 aboutwhich the elements I46 of a brake may be adjustably clamped by means ofa screw arrangement indicated at I41. Thus adjustable friction may beapplied to the disc I44 to retard free movement of the shaft 2 to apredetermined degree. engaged between collars on a screw I50 whichthreads into an extension I48 of the front hearing I32. The screw I50 isprovided with a hand wheel I52 so that it may be threaded into or out ofthe extension I48. Thus the brake is moved axially and by its movementthe shaft 2 is moved axially. The brake, therefore, not only serves toeffect control of the tension on the paper, but also effects axialcontrol and adjustment of the shaft.

Rolls of paper I are secured on the shaft 2 by means of the conventionalsplit cones indicated at I54, secured to the shaft by set screws.

The preliminary controlling rollers. such as 34 and 36, are adjustablein pairs and their mountings and adjustments will be apparent fromFigures 9, and 11, which show particularly the elements associated with.rollers 34 and 36 which handle sheet I0. These rollers are mounted by.

means of'roller bearings indicated at I56 upon rods I58, which arecarried at the front and back The brake members I46 areelementsassociated with the adhesive applying roller I8. The brackets I10 areprovided in pairs zit-opposite ends of the rollers and each is slotted Ias indicated at I12 to receive a stud I14 extending from an equalizersupporting member I16.

The upper end of the member I16 is recessed to receive a plate I18between the end of which and another plate I80 set at an angle withrespect thereto, as illustrated in Figure 15, there lies an equalizerrod I84 in position to be rotated by the paper. This equalizer rod I84may be of the type illustrated in Moller Patent 1,853,569, dated April12, 1932, and consists of a circular rod about which is wound a wire theconvolutions of which are. in contact with each other. As is well knownin the art, by proper choice of the wire wound about the; equalizer roda very accurate control of the amount of adhesive material applied tothe paper is provided. This rod I84 may be rotated merely by contactwith the paper, or alternatively, it may be positively drivenat asuitable rate of speed. Rotation, however, is not absolutely essential,though it is desirable to provide even wear of the wire wound on the rodand its longer life. Each of the equalizer rods heretofore mentioned, i.e., 38, 52, 60 and 68, has this same construction.

The end of the 'member I16 below the plate I80 is slotted, as indicatedat I82, to provide passages for return of excess adhesive to the surfaceof the roller I8 and thence to the tank 26.

6f the machine by vertically adjustable slides 60.

ments of the pair of rollers may be provided. the

adjustments being maintained by suitable ratchet arrangements I69. Bytheir adjustment. arcuate control of the direction of feed of the corrsponding sheets to the adhesive applying rollers may be obtained. a

The rollers corresponding to 36, i. e., 36, 50, 58 and 66, may be ofabrasive nature so as to abrade the surface of ahighly calendered paperto en able the adhesive to bind more-securely the plies of the product.In such case, the roll may be driven opposite the direction of movementof the paper by any suitable means.

Mounted on the bearings of the shafts of the adhesive applying rollersfor adjustment about the axis of these rollers are bracket membersindicated at I10 in Figure 15, which, together with Figures 16 and 1'7,relates primarily to those It is important that the equalizer rod bemaintained at a proper temperature to function properly. Accordingly,the member I16 is provided. with an inset heating tube I86 through whichheating fluid, for example, steam or, desirably, oil, at properlycontrolled temperature, may be circulated. A single turn of such tube isfound .sufiicient, particularly if the heating is effected through themeans of circulating oil maintained at proper-temperature. The lower endof the member I16 is preferably turned, as indicated, forthe purpose ofsecuring rigidity to avoid bowing of this member and its .equalizer rodunder the pressure of a paper web.

In order to avoid troublesome distribution of adhesive at the edges ofthe laminated product and flow of the adhesive over the surfaces of thelaminated rollers, it is desirable to avoid to as greater degree aspossible the application of adhesive at the margin of a sheet. For thispurpose at each end of the adhesive applying roller I8 and underlappingthe sheet fed thereto there is a blade I88 adjustably securable upon afixed rod I90 by means of a clamping screw I92. This blade engages theadhesive applying roller I8, scraping therefrom the adhesive materialand also lifting its edge of the sheet slightly above the adhesiveapplying roller to thereby prevent application of adhesive to themargin.

Referring now to Figures 6 and '1, there are illustrated therein thevarious means for adjusting the actual laminating pressure rollers 42,44 and 46. Referring first to the rubber faced roll' 44, it isjournalled in bearing blocks I94 and I96 adapted to slide transverselyon tracks I98 and 200,- which extend on opposite sides of the roller 42so that the rubber roller may be located on either side thereof.Threaded into extensions of these blocks I94 and I are screws 202 and204. The screw 202 is driven through hand wheel 2I0. The screw 204 is inturn driven through bevel gears 2I2 by means of the shaft 2" passingthrough the shaft 208 and carrying a crank 2l6 adapted to be rotated bymeans of a handle 2l8. The crank 216 may be clamped to the hand wheel 2iby means illustrated at 220. When this means is freed, however, the handwheel and crank may be independently adjusted.

Thus it will be evident that the. two ends of the roller 44 may beindependently adjusted with respect to the .roller 42, while. when thecrank and hand wheel are clamped together the roller 44 may be movedbodily relative to the roller 42. Thus a fine control of the pressurebetween these rollers may be secured and may be varied along the lengththereof.

The roller 46 is similarly adjustable for vertical movement. It ismounted in the bearing blocks 222 and 224 slidable on vertical trackmembers 226 and 228. Adjustment of these bearing blocks is efiected inthe same fashion as adjustment of the bearing blocks I94 and I96 throughthe medium of the hand wheel 230 and crank wheel 232, which may beindependently adjusted or simultaneously adjusted by clamping themtogether by the means indicated at 234.

The roller 40 which controls the sheet I0 is also adjustable bothhorizontally and vertically by the means illustrated in the lowerportion of Figure 6. As shown therein, the roller is freely mounted on arod extending between blocks 236 and 238 vertically adjustable insupporting members 244 and 246 by means of screws 240 and 242,respectively. The members 244 and 246 are in turn horizontallyadjustable on tracks 248 and 250, to which they are clamped in fixedposition by suitable screws.-

In view of the minute holes which generally occur in papers, someadhesive may pass through the paper engaging the roller and thecorresponding rollers, and consequently each of these is provided with ascraping device in the nature of a blade 252 extending lengthwise of theroller and adjustably supported by means of a pair of arms indicated at254, as illustrated in Figure 8. These blades serve to remove the smallamounts of adhesive material which may pass through the paper.

Returning to Figure 2, there are illustrated therein the various drivingdevices for the parts of the machine. A pulley driven by a motor orother source of power is indicated at 256. This drives at suitable speeda. cone pulley 258 about which and a cooperating cone pulley 262 securedto shaft 82 is trained a shiftable driving belt 260. Through suitablegearing there is driven the vertical shaft 264 which drives through aworm and wheel connection the steel roller 42, the rollers 44 and 46being driven through the paper from this roller. By means of link beltsthere is also driven the adjustable speed device indicated at 266, thedriven member of which is connected to the gear box 268 from whichextend chain drives to the adhesive applying rollers I8, 20, 22 and 24.Thus the steel roller 42 is driven at a substantially constant speedwhile the adhesive applying rollers I8, 20, 22 and 24 are driven atvariable speeds relatively to the paper pulled through the machine bythe roller 42 to secure the desired application of adhesive. The speedof shaft 82 may also be varied with respect to the speed of roller 42 byshift of belt 260 on the cone pulleys 262 and 258.

If heated adhesives are used, for example, molthroughout the operation.To this end rolls i8, 20, 22 and 24 and the steel roll 42 are heatedwith the same hot oil which is used to heat the equalizer rods.Connections for the circulation of the hot oil may, in all cases, bealong the lines indicated in connection with roller 42 in Figures 6 and'7. In the case of roller 42, there extends through its hollow shaftinto the roller a tube 210, into whichthe heated oil is introduced.Return flow takes place about the tube into a box 212 surrounding oneend of its shaft, and thence returns through the pipe 214 to the supply.The 011 thus circulated through roller 42 and similarly through theadhesive applying rollers and the equalizers may have its temperaturethermostatically controlled to insure the proper application of theadhesive.

While there is illustrated in Figure 1 the arrangement of the machinefor the lamination of sheets such, for example, as glassine paper, theparts of the machine may be rearranged for the proper handling of othermaterials which are to be laminated and/or coated. Some materials, forexample, uch as cardboard, could not be given a turn of small radiussuch as indicated in Figure l, and if, for example, glassine or similarthin paperis to be laminated to cardboard, or the like, the roller 44may be withdrawn from cooperation with roller 42 and may serve as aguide roller to feed cardboard through the nip of rollers 42 and 46, thefeed being so arranged that curvatures of small radii are avoided. Itwill be evident that the various adhesive applying arrangements may beassociated in various combinations.

The various adjustments which are provided and which have been describedare designed to insure uniform, flawless lamination, particularly incases, such as the lamination of glassine, in which flaws would behighly objectionable. By the adjustment of temperatures and speeds ofrotation of the adhesive applying rollers, as well as by adjustment ofthe equalizer rods, such as 38, the amount of adhesive applied to thepaper may be readily controlled. Further, control is effected by theproper location of preliminary guiding rollers, such as 34 and 36, whichdetermine the angle of approach of the paper to the adhesive applyingroller. The pressure of the paper on the equalizer and the arc of itscontact therewith may be adjusted by the vertical adjustment of a rollersuch as 40, while horizontal adjustment of this roller determines theangle of approach of the sheet to the nip of rollers 42 and 44. Theadjustment of the shaft 2 and corresponding shafts carryingthe supplyrolls makes possible not only fine adjustment of the paper to insuresmooth and proper feed through the apparatus, but makes it possible toadjust the various sheets transversely to cause their edges to meetproperly when they are brought together. The adjustments of the rollers46 and 44 relative to the steel roller 42 will be readily seen to affordclose control of the pressures on the laminations throughout theirwidth. Thus wide sheets may be readily laminated together with uniformthickness throughout their widths. Other adjustments to insureuniformity across the width of wide webs are afforded by the mountingsof the equalizers.

' The proper control of the speed of the chilling rolls 74 and I6 isalso desirable to secure a satisfactory product. Fine control of thespeed of these rolls is effected through the use of the cone pulleysover which the belt 266 runs.

What I claim and desire to protect by Letters I Patent is:

1. An apparatus for laminating webs of paper or the like comprising ametal roller, means for driving said metal roller, and a resilientroller arranged to press together and against said metal roller aplurality of said webs having adhesive between them, said resilientroller being rotatable solely under the action of said webs and duringits rotation being locally compressed, thereby constituting a load uponsaid driving means applied through said webs.

2. An apparatus for laminating webs of paper or the like comprising ametal roller, means for driving said metal roller, and a resilientroller arranged to press together and against said metal roller aplurality of said webs having adhesive between them, the ends of theaxis of said resilient roller being independently adjustable towards andfrom the axis of said metal roller;

3. An apparatus for laminating webs of paper or the like comprising ametal roller, means for driving said metal roller, and a plurality ofresilient rollers arranged to press together and against said metalroller a plurality of said webs having adhesive between them, saidresilient rollers being rotatable solely under the action of said websand during their. rotation being locally compressed, therebyconstituting loads upon said driving means applied through said webs.

4. An apparatus for laminating webs of paper or the like comprising ametal roller, means for driving said metal roller, and a plurality of'resilient rollers arranged to press together and against said metalroller a plurality of said webs having adhesive between them, the endsof the axis of each of said resilient rollers being independentlyadjustable towards and from the axis of said metal roller.

5. An apparatus for laminating webs of paper or the like comprising aplurality of rollers arranged to press together a'plurality of said webshaving adhesive between them, means for applying adhesive to the webscomprising a roller, and an equalizer rod, and means for adjusting saidequalizer rod about the axis of said adhesive applying roller at asubstantially constant distance from said axis.

6. An apparatus for laminating webs of paper or the like comprising aplurality of rollers arranged to press together a plurality of said webshaving adhesive between them, means for applying adhesive to the webs,and means for adjusting supply rolls of web materials axially withrespect to each other,.the last named means comprising braking means forthe supply rolls, means for adjusting the tensions imparted by thebraking means, and means for adjusting the braking means axially toadjust said supply rolls therewith.

7. An apparatus for laminating webs of paper or the like comprising aplurality of rollers arranged to press together a plurality of-said webshaving adhesive between them, means for applying adhesive to the webs,and means for adjusting at least one supply roll of web material axiallywith respect to the other, the last named means comprising a groovedmember secured to the supply roll, means engaging within the groove ofsaid member, and means for moving the last named means, and with it thesupply roll, axially.

8. An apparatus for laminating webs of paper or the like comprising aplurality of rollers arranged to press together a plurality of said webshaving adhesive between them, means for applying adhesive to the webscomprising a roller, an equalizer rod, a massive metallic carrier forthe equalizer rod provided said rod rests and rotates, and means forheating said carrier, and through it by conduction from said socket,said equalizer rod.

- 9. An apparatus for laminating webs of paper or the like comprising aplurality of rollers arranged to press together a plurality of said webshaving adhesive between them, means for applying adhesive to the webs,and means for abrading, before it reaches said adhesive applying means,the side to which adhesive is to be applied of at least one of saidwebs.

10. An apparatus for laminating webs of paper "or the like comprising aplurality of rollers arranged to press together a plurality of said webshaving adhesive between them, means 'for applying adhesive to the webscomprising a roller, and means for adjusting the path of approach of atleast one of said webs to an adhesive applying roller, saidmeans-comprising a plurality of rollers adjustable asa unit in adirection transverse to the path of approach of the web to the adhesiveapplying roller.

JOHN N. TU'I'ILE.

with a.socket in which

